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    • 专利摘要:
    session control for streaming media. A method for controlling the transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements is described. the method comprises the step of obtaining (32) a media description of the media stream, the media description indicating an initial element of the stream elements. a request for the initial flow element is sent (34) and a session control procedure is initiated (36) for a session. the media stream is associated (38) with the session in the session control procedure. the transmission of a subsequent element of the flow elements is controlled according to a session control regulation. devices and other methods embodying the invention are also described.
    公开号:BR112013001884B1
    申请号:R112013001884-4
    申请日:2010-08-10
    公开日:2021-06-29
    发明作者:Johannes Willig；Daniel Catrein；Frank Hartung；Markus Kampmann
    申请人:Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TECHNICAL FIELD
    [001] The present invention relates to a method to control the transmission of a media stream. Devices and software programs embodying the invention are also described. FUNDAMENTALS OF THE INVENTION
    [002] An important application of transmission networks such as the Internet or mobile phone networks is the media supplied by a server to a client. The media can be, for example, audio and video.
    [003] The distribution of media in networks based on IP (Internet Protocol) can use different transport protocols. Traditionally, RTP (Real-Time Transport Protocol) via UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is used for real-time data stream transmission and packet-based data stream transmission or HTTP (Hyper Transfer Protocol) Text) via TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) for downloading entire files, mostly for later consumption, but also for lifestreaming (time-ordered flow of documents). RTP allows dynamic adaptation to available bit rate as measured by the customer. A disadvantage of RTP and the associated control protocol RTSP (Real-Time Streaming Protocol) is the need for specialized and more complicated server software, while HTTP can use inexpensive and widely deployed HTTP server software. A recent enhancement, Adaptive HTTP Streaming (AHS), aims to combine the advantages of both approaches. AHS is standardized on 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project), and also adopted and slightly extended at the Open IPTV Forum (OIPF). MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group) is also working on AHS. In AHS, content is encoded in different versions, usually corresponding to different bit rates. If the content is, for example, a video with a video track and an audio track, the video track could be encoded in three versions with different bit rates each and the audio track in a high-quality stereo and a mono version. Each version is further divided into segments of a few seconds. For example, video versions can be split into many consecutive segments of duration 10 seconds each. The segments can be formatted according to MPEG-4 file format or according to MPEG-2 transport stream format.
    [004] The actual transmission of the video and audio tracks is performed by downloading one segment after another initiated by the client. In this procedure, the client downloads a segment using a standard HTPP request, unpacks, decodes and renders it, and then does the same for the next segment, etc. The customer has knowledge about the quality versions available and about segment separation over time through a media description, the so-called Media Presentation Description (MPD). The MPD format as defined in 3GPP and OIPF is an encoded XML (eXtensible Markup Language) file containing appropriate information and attributes to describe the media. MPD is the first feature transmitted to a customer in order to initiate an AHS based media distribution. MPD as specified by 3GPP comprises the different qualities and information available from how they are arranged in segments.
    [005] Each segment is downloaded at the maximum speed available under the current operating conditions of the network used for transmission and the client monitors the download speed it experiences. Based on the download speed experienced, the customer selects the most appropriate from the quality versions available. From segment to segment, this can be a different version and the client can download different qualities depending on the operating conditions present, hence the "adaptive" HTTP stream attribute. Figure 1 visualizes the principle and shows different media representations for adaptive HTTP media stream of a content item as a function of represented time. The three representations in Fig. 1 can correspond to a representation of high, medium and low bit rate, respectively, of a content item, ie stream. The beginning and end time represented for the stream segments of different representations coincide, so smooth switching between representations is possible. The vertical scale in Fig. 1 illustrates the data size of the different flow representations, e.g. eg, its bit rate. Depending on customer implementation, enhanced selection procedures are possible for switching between representations, e.g. eg including a hysteresis in order to avoid excessive quality fluctuations when seeing or hearing a stream.
    [006] Another trend in multimedia communication is the use of IPMultimedia Subsystem (IMS) for the initiation and control of multimedia sessions. Within 3GPP, standardized solutions for IMS controlled RTP media streaming as well as IMS controlled HTPP progressive download are defined in 3GPP TS 26.237 V9.3.0 (2010-06) protocols with the title IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) based Packet Switch Streaming (PSS) and Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS) User Service. These solutions benefit from the standardized details offered by load, authentication such as IMS or QoS (Quality of Service) reservation.
    [007] Figure 2 shows the different signaling steps in the case of IMS controlled HTTP progressive download, as defined in 3GPP TS 26.237. The session is initiated with a SIP INVITE (Session Initiation Protocol) message, which includes SDP (Session Description Protocol) information. The HTPP URL (Uniform Resource Locator) for download is distributed to the user equipment (UE), ie client, via the SIP 200 OK message. Also, QoS reservation for HTTP progressive download session can be performed. The progressive download itself is initiated by the UE with an HTTP GET command to the HTTP server, which in return responds with a requested content file. In more detail, the following steps are carried out.
    [008] 1. The UE initiates the progressive download session by sending SIPINVITE to the IM subsystem CN, including an SDP offer.
    [009] 2. The IM CN subsystem forwards the SIP INVITE message to the SCF.
    [0010] 3. The SCF checks user rights for requested content, selects an HTTP/SIP adapter and forwards the SIP INVITE message to the HTTP/SIP adapter.
    [0011] 4. The HTTP/SIP adapter selects an HTTP Server and sends an HTTP POST message to the HTTP server, including the IP address of the UE.
    [0012] 5. The HTTP server responds to the HTTP/SIP adapter with an HTTP 200 OK response.
    [0013] 6. The HTTP/SIP adapter sends the SIP 200 OK response TO the SCF, including download URL of the content file requested in the SDP response.
    [0014] 7. The SCF forwards the SIP 200 OK to the 1M CN subsystem.
    [0015] 8. The IM subsystem CN forwards the SIP 200 OK to the UE.
    [0016] 9. The UE sends an HTTP request for the URL obtained from the SIP 200 OK message.
    [0017] 10. The HTTP server supplies the HTTP response content file to the UE.
    [0018] The current AHS design as specified, p. e., in 3GPP TS 26.234 Transparent end-to-end Packet-switched Streaming Service (PSS), Open IPTVForum - Release 2 Specification, HTTP adaptive Streaming, DRAFT V0.06 - June 7, 2010 or in proprietary solutions such as Microsoft Smoothstreaming or Apple streaming (see R. Pantos, HTTP Live Streaming, http://toolsieft.org/html/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-01) specifies only media packaging, media description, and download mechanisms. No connections are envisioned to combine the mechanism with QoS recourse or reservation mechanisms. Thus, even in controlled systems, where QoS reservation and control is possible, AHS works with the best effort and, in general, therefore, will still require adaptation.
    [0019] 3GPP TS 26.234 V9.30, xp050441685 (2010-06) describes that an Adaptive HTTP-Media Streaming protocol provides a streaming media service between a standard HTTP server and an HTTP Streaming Client to serve content from the default HTTP server to the Media-HTTP Streaming Client. In order to start the streaming media service for the user, the HTTP Streaming Media Client downloads the pertinent metadata and subsequently the media data.
    [0020] 3GPP Draft TS 26.cde-HSD-V0.03, XP050460440 (2010-06) describes that an HTTP Download and Media Stream (HSD) service provides a service to serve continuous media content over HTTP from a HSD server to an HSD client, employing an HTTP/1.1 protocol. RESUME
    [0021] It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for controlling the transmission of a media stream and corresponding devices.
    [0022] Methods are provided, a media client, a media server, a controlling entity and a media proxy, according to independent claims.
    [0023] The proposed method refers to a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements. In the method, an average description of the media stream is obtained. The media description indicates an initial element of the stream elements. A request for the initial flow element is sent. Session control procedure for a session is also started. In the session control procedure, the media stream is associated with the session. The transmission of a subsequent element of the flow elements is controlled according to a session control regulation.
    [0024] A method for controlling the transmission of a media stream, comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements, can also be performed in a media client. The client method comprises the step of getting a media description of the media stream. The media description indicates an initial element of the stream elements. The media client sends a request to the initial stream element. The media client also initiates a session control procedure for streaming the media stream.
    [0025] A media client according to the present invention comprises a controller coupled to a sender and a receiver. The controller is adapted to control the transmission of a media stream to the receiver. The media stream comprises a plurality of consecutive stream elements. The controller is further adapted to get a media description of the media stream. The media description indicates an initial element of the stream elements. The controller is also adapted to initiate the sending of a request to the initial stream element by the sender and to initiate a session control procedure for the transmission of the media stream.
    [0026] An advantageous media server has a controller for controlling the transmission of a media stream, comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements, in response to requests for the stream elements from a client. The media server also comprises a sender adapted to send the stream elements. The media server further comprises a receiver for receiving a request for an initial element of the stream elements, the request indicating the initial element. The receiver is also adapted to receive a result of a session control procedure for transmitting the media stream and to receive another request for a subsequent element of the stream elements. The controller is coupled to the sender and receiver and adapted to control the sending of the subsequent element based on the result of the session control procedure.
    [0027] A method of a media server controls the transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements, in response to requests for the stream elements from a client. The method comprises the step of receiving a request for an initial element of the flow elements. The request indicates the starting element. The indicated starting element is sent. In another step, a result is received from a session control procedure for transmitting the media stream. Upon receiving another request for a subsequent element of the flow elements, the sending of the subsequent flow element is controlled based on the result of the session control procedure.
    [0028] An advantageous control entity is suitable for performing a session control procedure with a media client for transmitting a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements from a media server. The control entity comprises a receiver for receiving signaling from a session control procedure for transmitting the media stream. A controller is adapted to terminate signaling and coupled to the receiver. The controller is also adapted to associate the media stream with the session in the session control procedure. The controller is coupled to a sender for an instruction initiating transmission control of a subsequent element of the flow elements, in accordance with a session control regulation.
    [0029] A method of a control entity is performed for a session control procedure with a media client for transmitting a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements from a media server. The method comprises the step of receiving signaling from a session control procedure for transmitting the media stream. Signaling is terminated and the media stream is associated with the session in the session control procedure. An instruction is sent to initiate transmission control of a subsequent element of the flow elements, in accordance with a session control regulation.
    [0030] A media proxy is suitable for forwarding media descriptions from a server to a client. The media proxy comprises a receiver for receiving, from the server, a media description comprising a plurality of representation descriptions. Each representation description indicates a different representation of the media stream. A processor is adapted to modify the media description by removing or modifying at least one of the representation descriptions and a media source from the at least one representation description of the media description. A sender is adapted to send the modified media description to the client.
    [0031] A method in a media proxy for forwarding a media description from a server to a client comprises the steps of receiving the media description from the server. The media description comprises a plurality of representation descriptions, each representation description indicating a different representation of the media stream. The media description is modified by removing or modifying at least one of the performance descriptions and a media source from the at least one performance description from the media description. The modified media description is sent to the customer.
    [0032] The above methods can also be implemented as programs that can, for example, be stored on a data carrier or loadable in a processing system or memory of the devices described, e.g. e.g., as a signal sequence.
    [0033] The foregoing and other objects, details and advantages of the present invention will become more evident in the following detailed description of the embodiments as illustrated in the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    [0034] Fig. 1 illustrates media representations of a media stream; Fig. 2 shows a signaling diagram of an IMS controlled downloadHTTP; Fig. 3 shows a flowchart of the proposed method; Fig. 4 shows a media client adapted to the proposed method.
    [0035] Fig. 5 shows a media server adapted to the proposed method. Fig. 5a shows a method executed on a media server; Fig. 6 shows a control entity adapted to the proposed method. Fig. 6a shows a method executed on a control entity; Fig. 7 shows a media proxy adapted to the proposed method; Fig. 7a shows a method executed on a media proxy; Fig. 8 shows a diagram for an embodiment of the proposed method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    [0036] The present method relates to controlling the transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements. A first embodiment of the method is illustrated in Fig. 3. Flow elements can be, for example, flow segments as they are used, e.g. eg in HTTP streaming media. Segments can be available in different qualities, e.g. eg with different media resolution. The stream can refer, for example, to a video track or an audio stream and different streams can be associated with each other, e.g. eg, a video track with an audio track. The stream can be transmitted to a client which can be any user equipment adapted to pass the stream to a user, for example a personal computer or a mobile phone.
    [0037] In the method, a media description of the media stream is obtained 32, p. eg from a file downloaded by the customer. The media description indicates an initial element of the flow elements, eg. eg as a media source such as a URL from which the starting element is available. In general, media sources can also be indicated by a template to generate URLs for elements by the client in order to avoid the source for each element of a stream needing to be individually streamed, e.g. eg, providing a regulation to generate the source of the n2 element of a flow as a function of n. In the terminology of the present text, the media source indicates the specific origin of a stream element, in contrast to the platform hosting (eg, storing or generating) and providing the stream element, e.g. eg, a server or a network. Therefore, the request can be addressed, e.g. eg with an IP address and port number, for the platform and include the media source, eg. eg, in the form of an HTTP GET message included in the request.
    [0038] The media file may also comprise one or more descriptions of different representations of the stream, e.g. eg, an indication of different image resolutions of a video. Optionally, a plurality of media sources is indicated for the initial element, e.g. eg, if the stream is available in different qualities or from different servers and the client can select one of them. A request for the initial stream element is sent 34, for example, by the client to the platform to obtain the initial element from the media source.
    [0039] A session control procedure for transmitting the media stream is also initiated 36, for example, by the client or the network. A session is a transmission context between the client and a network performing transmission with specified transmission properties, which can, for example, be enforced by a network policy control element. In wireless networks, a session is typically associated with a radio access bearer carrying the session. The session control procedure can be any procedure associating the media stream with a session, eg. eg, a session establishment for the stream or a modification of an existing session, where the media stream is associated with the session. The association specifies the session in which the stream is transmitted.
    [0040] The session control procedure can be started before, at the same time or after submitting the request. In embodiments, it is advantageous if procedure initiation and session control request are performed essentially simultaneously or shortly after each other. Therefore, media streaming can be started before the session control procedure is finished.
    [0041] The transmission of a subsequent element of the flow elements, i.e., a flow element, sent after full or partial completion of the session control procedure, may then be controlled according to a session control regulation. The subsequent element is not necessarily immediately succeeding the initial element and it is possible that one or more elements exist between them, e.g. eg, depending on the execution time of the session control procedure and the presentation time of the flow elements. Typically, control is performed for any subsequent flow element. The at least one control regulation can define, for example, a particular quality of service for the session, eg. eg a bit rate, initiating a billing procedure or blocking a session, e.g. eg, if the user lacks a corresponding subscription or account balance. Control can also comprise monitoring or an integration of flow handling with other services, e.g. eg an add service to provide subordinate information for a flow or an ordering service, e.g. eg, to allow you to purchase the soundtrack of a broadcast movie. Control in accordance with the control regulation can be carried out by a policy enforcement point, e.g. e.g., at a gateway, transmit the stream in which the flow elements can be identified, for example, based on address information of the elements, e.g. eg, from a package title of the elements.
    [0042] In one embodiment, the session control procedure comprises the step of obtaining a resource locator, indicating a source for session control associated with the media stream. This allows sending a request to a corresponding platform to initiate the session control procedure with the source for session control. The resource locator can be included in the media description or associated with the media description, eg. eg, conveyed in the same message as the media description. In this case, both are available simultaneously.
    [0043] Optionally, the media description comprises or is associated with at least one information element specifying a session parameter in the session control procedure. For example, the media description or individual representations in the media description may indicate a bandwidth required to transmit the stream or stream representation. The parameter can then be specified, eg. eg, in an SDP file, as a requirement to establish or modify the session with which the flow is to be associated.
    [0044] The session control procedure may comprise the step of receiving a session control response to the session control procedure by a client, e.g. eg a SIP 200 OK message, in particular if the session control procedure is initiated by the client. The client can then send, in the session control response, a request for the subsequent element or elements of the stream, usually indicating another media source. For example, after associating the stream with the session, a higher stream quality can be requested, which is available from the other source. If the request for the subsequent element indicates another media source, this can also simplify the identification of flow elements for policy control purposes. Another media source can be hosted on the same or different platform, eg server, as the initial source for the stream elements.
    [0045] If the session control procedure comprises the step of receiving a session control response to the session control procedure by the client, the client may also send, on receipt of the session control response, the request to the initial element of the flow, i.e. the order of steps differs from the embodiments discussed so far. In this case, the start of the stream transmission session can be delayed compared to other described embodiments, but it can be ensured that an appropriate session exists from the start of the stream. This can prevent access to the initial elements of content that will not be received without prior authorization. Thus, the steps of sending the request to the initial flow element are delayed in this embodiment until reception of the session control response, and the step of controlling transmission may not only refer to subsequent elements, but may also include the transmission of the initial element. In this case, it is possible that the media description is only obtained by the client with the session control response to the session control procedure, eg. e.g., a SIP 200 OK message, and the response may also comprise other information as discussed below. It is merely required that the information identifying the media stream can be obtained from the session control procedure, eg. e.g., provided by the customer.
    [0046] The session control response can indicate one or more parameters specifying the session. This can be, for example, a session identifier, to allow handling or monitoring of the session. A parameter specifying the session can also indicate a guaranteed quality of service if the session control procedure comprises a resource reservation. If another media source for subsequent stream elements is selected from a plurality of media sources for the subsequent element, each media source of the plurality can be associated with a different parameter specifying the session. This allows, for example, a selection of different qualities or flow platforms for download based on the control response parameter.
    [0047] The session control response may also comprise an indication of a media source, e.g., a media source URL or a template for generating a plurality of URLs. In this way, the control response may indicate , for. eg, a source for a media representation that was indicated in the media description without an associated source, eg if use of the respective source is not authorized without prior session control procedure, eg. eg to initiate a billing.
    [0048] The session control response may also include a media description comprising, e.g. eg, other representations of the media stream. If the included stream description is updated by a previously received version, it is possible that receiving the updated media description will trigger another session control procedure like eg. eg, a QoS renegotiation in order to modify the session parameters to obtain the session parameters required for high quality video, for example, after a previous session control procedure has allowed access to the stream. generally based on an initiated billing or verification of the customer's subscription.
    [0049] The parameter specifying the session may also be included in the request for the subsequent element. This allows, for example, a session ID to authenticate that the client is allowed to access media from another media source or to associate the session with messages from the controlling entities for the session.
    [0050] Both the other media source and the source for the control session can be session specific, that is, they can be associated with the session. For example, the other media source might be generated in response to session initiation and might comprise an arbitrary or pseudo-arbitrary element, so it cannot easily be imagined and provide access only for the session. Also an individual font for session control can be sent in a custom message or media description. This can prevent unauthorized access and denial of service attacks. It is also possible that initial media sources are specific to the media description or, depending on the embodiment, the session.
    [0051] In another embodiment, the media description comprises a plurality of representation descriptions, each representation description indicating a different representation of the media stream and an associated media source. Either an initial or another media source can then be selected based on the media description, eg. eg, to obtain different quality levels of a media stream. The selected media source can then be included in the request for the start element or in the request for the subsequent element.
    [0052] A customer, p. a UE, can be adapted to perform a method for controlling the transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements. According to the method, the client obtains a media description of the media stream, for example, receiving it in a message in response to a request or otherwise. The media description indicates an initial element of the flow elements, eg. eg as a media source such as a URL from which the starting element can be requested. In this way, the client sends a request to the initial stream element of the media source, e.g. eg for an associated platform. The client also initiates a session control procedure for streaming the media stream. The initial flow element can be requested without waiting for the session control procedure to complete, eg. eg, a session establishment or modification to a session that the media stream can be associated with. Correspondingly, an initial transmission, p. eg, with better quality of effort, can be quickly performed while waiting for session establishment which can offer additional options of flow control and manipulation, eg. eg, a defined QoS. This can particularly enhance the user experience when initiating stream termination.
    [0053] A media client 48 adapted to perform aspects of the above methods is shown in Fig. 4. It comprises a controller 50 coupled to a sender 52 and a receiver 54. The sender 52 and receiver 54 may be adapted to send and receiving radio transmissions on a fixed or wireless communication system, e.g. eg as parts of a transceiver. Broadcasts can be sent, e.g. eg as IP packets comprising HTTP requests and responses. The controller 50 can be implemented, for example, in a processing system 56 with a memory 58, which executes implemented control routines, e.g. eg by software programs.
    [0054] The controller 50 is adapted to control the transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements 60 and to obtain a media description 62 of the media stream. Transmission control can be performed by receiver-initiated control messages, in particular by requests 66 to the flow elements of the flow sources. The average description indicates an initial element 64 of the flow elements, e.g. eg, as a media source. Controller 50 is further adapted to initiate sending a request 66 to the initial flow element by sender 52, e.g. eg, to a platform hosting the media source, and to initiate a session control procedure for streaming the media stream.
    [0055] The depicted media client also comprises hardware such as a screen 70 or a speaker 72 to provide the received stream to a user. To this end, the client comprises termination logic 74 which may also be implemented in processing system 56. Termination logic 74 receives stream elements 60 from receiver 54 and unpacks and decodes them for termination by screen 70 or the speaker 72. Controller 50 may also be adapted to request one or more other stream elements 60 when they are needed for completion, to select a representation of the media stream based on information from media description 62 and a monitored data rate. of received flow elements and to initiate requests 66 by the sender 52 for the respective representation. Data rate monitoring can be performed, for example, by detecting the sizes of the flow elements and measuring the time for their transmission. In the case of AHS, specific requests 66 correspond to specific flow elements 60, as indicated by the element labels in the figure.
    [0056] A media server 80, adapted to carry out aspects of the above methods, is shown in Figure 5. It comprises a controller 82 for controlling the transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements 84, in response to 86 requests for flow elements of a client, p. the client as described with respect to Fig. 4. The media server 80 comprises a sender 88 for sending the stream elements 84 to the client and a receiver 90. The sender and receiver can be adapted for radio transmission or wire line. The receiver 90 is adapted to receive a request 86 for an initial element 92 from the flow elements, which request 86 to indicate the initial element 92, e.g. eg as a media source such as a URL. Receiver 90 is also adapted to receive a result of a session control procedure for transmitting the media stream, for example, from a control entity of a network transmitting the media stream and to forward it to controller 82 .
    [0057] The receiver 90 is further adapted to receive another request for a subsequent element 94 of the flow elements. The other request may comprise another media source of the subsequent element. In the case of AHS, specific requests 86 correspond to specific flow elements 84, as indicated by the element tags in the figure.
    [0058] Controller 82 is coupled to sender 88 and receiver 90 and is adapted to control the sending of the subsequent stream element 94 based on the result of a successful session control procedure. For example, the submission can be performed if an acknowledgment from the session control procedure is received and the submission can be blocked if no acknowledgment is obtained. It is also possible for controller 82 to allow or block access to specific representations of a flow element, e.g. eg, a segment of a high resolution video, based on the result or return of a different representation, eg. eg, one of lower quality than requested. A multitude of other options are conceivable.
    [0059] The media server 80 typically also comprises a stream generator 96, which encodes the stream elements 84 for transmission, e.g. e.g., based on information stored in a memory 98 or based on received information, e.g. eg, via another receiver 106 or higher protocol layers. It is possible that the media server is itself a user equipment, e.g. eg, when spouting content recorded by a mobile phone camera or microphone.
    [0060] In an embodiment of media server 80, sender 80 is adapted to send a media description 100 of the client's media stream. Transmission of media description 100 may also be initiated by a client request, which is not shown in the figure. Media description 100 indicates a media source for the initial element 92 of the stream elements and optionally also another media source for the subsequent stream element 94.
    [0061] In this embodiment, a processor 102 can be adapted to obtain an initial media description, e.g. from memory 98, comprising a plurality of representation descriptions, each representation description indicating a different representation of the media stream and, optionally, indications of associated media sources. Processor 102 may be further adapted to remove at least one of the representation descriptions from the initial media description in order to specify media description 100 for transmission. The processor can also modify the representation description, e.g. eg, at values that prevent customer selection. If a source indication exists, it can also be removed or modified, eg. eg, to replace a high quality font with a low quality font. Optionally, the processor may merely remove a media stream while maintaining the representation description, so that the receiver is informed of the existence of the representation without obtaining the associated source. Similarly, rather than merely removing a depiction description with associated source, a tag can be included in place of the removed depictions, which indicates to the customer that at least one other depiction is available. In this way, the server can generate a modified media description, which can be used before the session control procedure. Processor 102 may be part of a processing system 104.
    [0062] Fig. 5a represents a corresponding method of a media server controlling the transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements in response to requests for the stream elements of a client. The method begins with the steps of receiving 110 a request for an initial element of the flow elements. The request indicates the starting element, eg. eg, as a media source identifying the flow element. In response to the request, the initial element is sent 112 to the client. At any point of time during the method a result of a session control procedure for transmitting the media stream is received 114 by the media server. When the media server receives 116 another request for a subsequent element of the stream elements, it can control 118 the sending of the subsequent element based on the result of the session control procedure.
    [0063] Fig. 6 shows a control entity 200 for controlling a session with a media client for transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements from a media server, e.g. eg, a server as described above. The control entity can, for example, be implemented as an HTTP/SIP adapter. The control entity 200 comprises a receiver 202 for receiving signaling messages 204 of a session control procedure for transmitting the media stream, e.g., SIP messages. Messages are, e.g. e.g., initiated by a media client as described above and routed by more network elements, which may also obtain session-related information from the session control procedure and are thus able to perform or initiate the related control operations with the session.
    [0064] A controller 206 terminates signaling, that is, it is an endpoint for signaling. In this way, it processes the signaling messages 204 and can initiate the sending of responses 208 by a sender 210. For this purpose, the controller 206 is coupled to the receiver 202 and the sender 210. The controller 206 is further adapted to associate the media stream with the session control procedure session. For example, the controller 206 may select an existing session to transmit the media stream and possibly modify the session parameters for this purpose, or the controller may establish a new session for the media stream. A memory 212 allows for the storage and retrieval of information for the session. The controller may be implemented in a processing system 214 of control entity 200.
    [0065] Based on the result of the session control procedure, the controller 206 starts sending an instruction 216 by a sender 218. The instruction 216 starts the transmission control of a subsequent element of the flow elements in accordance with a regulation and can be sent to a media server streaming the media or to a session policy enforcement point. A receiver 220, corresponding to the transmitter 218, allows to receive, e.g. an acknowledgment 222 for instruction 216. The control entity may also obtain information via the receiver 220, which may be sent to the client or used in setting the parameters of the session, e.g. eg, a description of media or media sources. Sender 218 and receiver 220 can be identical to sender 210 and receiver 202 or they can be different entities and can also use a different protocol, e.g. eg, HTTP, possibly depending on the recipients. Sender 218 and receiver 220 may also correspond to an internal interface of a device if the instruction is sent to an entity implemented on the same platform.
    [0066] A method in a control entity, for performing a session control procedure with a media client, for transmitting a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive stream elements from a media server, begins with step of receiving signaling 240 of a session control procedure for transmitting the media stream. The control entity terminates the signaling and associates the media stream with the session control procedure session. Based on the session control procedure, the control entity sends 244 an instruction initiating or modifying transmission control of one or more subsequent elements of the flow elements, in accordance with a session control regulation.
    [0067] A media proxy 250 for sending media descriptions from a server to a client is depicted in Fig. 7. Generally, the media proxy will also forward a plurality of other messages, requests and responses between the client and the server, for. eg, the flow elements and requests for the flow elements. Media proxy 250 comprises a receiver 252 for receiving, from the server, a media description 254 comprising a plurality of representation descriptions. Each representation description indicates a different representation of the media stream. In the example, media description 254 comprises three representation descriptions R1 — R3 of the media stream with an associated source S1 — S3 for each representation. It is also possible that the media description comprises representation descriptions without a media source, as indicated for representation description R4. In this case, a client is informed about the existence of the representation, but needs to carry out other steps, eg. eg, associating the media stream with a session, before fetching the source.
    [0068] A processor 256, which may be part of a processing system 258, is adapted to modify the media description by removing or modifying at least one of the representation descriptions and/or an associated source of the media description 254. example, the representation description R2 is removed along with the associated font 52, p. eg, if a radio network to which the client is connected does not support the required data rate. For the R3 representation, only the S3 source is removed, eg if previous session installation is required for the media stream to ensure the necessary quality of service or if a charge is made for the representation. The representation R1 with font S1 remains in the media description so that an initial font is available to the customer, eg. eg, to allow you to initiate termination employing a best effort carrier. A memory 260 allows storing and retrieving data required to modify the media description.
    [0069] An issuer 262 sends the modified media description 264 to the client. Generally, a corresponding receiver 266 also exists for the sender 262 and a sender 268 for the receiver 252 to allow corresponding transmissions in the return direction. It is possible that the functions of both emitters are performed by the same physical device; the same applies to both receivers.
    [0070] Processing to modify a media description as described for processor 256 can also be performed in other entities, e.g. eg, on a media server.
    [0071] A method in a media proxy for forwarding a media description from a server to a client comprises the step of receiving 280 the media description. The media description is received from the server and comprises a plurality of representation descriptions, each representation description indicating a different representation of the media stream. The media proxy modifies 282 the media description by removing or modifying at least one of the representation descriptions and a media source from the at least one representation description of the media description. Finally, the modified media description is sent 284 to the client.
    [0072] Any group entity comprising the media client, the media server, the controlling entity and the media proxy, as well as the respective methods executed on the individual entities, can be used in any embodiments of the described method and be in this way adapted, that is, implementing those aspects of the method embodiments relating to the respective entity.
    [0073] The proposed method can be used, for example, in IMS based QoS reservation for adaptive HTTP media stream. In this case, a design for adaptive HTTP media stream integration with SIP based control signaling with an IMS controlled infrastructure is specified and allows and enables specific IMS details such as QoS, billing, authentication etc. for Adaptive HTTP streaming media. The proposed integration allows for AHS backward compatibility for IMS non-capable devices, fast service start and service differentiation. Integration is based on the idea of including IMS control information, p. eg, SIP URI (uniform resource identifier) within MPD.
    [0074] In the following, a more detailed technical description of the embodiments employing some of the above general designs is made in terms of AHS Controlled IMS. It is assumed that the client obtained the media presentation description (MPD) file URL by any means, eg as a link from an HTML page or in a message. Figure 8 represents the sequential entanglement of affected entities, p. eg, us.
    [0075] The entities that are involved in the message flow are a User Equipment (UE), p. eg a mobile phone, as an example of a media client and an IP multimedia core network subsystem (CN IM subsystem), which can be, for example, a core network of a mobile phone system with a radio access network to allow mobility of the UE. A session control function (SCF) provides logic and service functions required to support the execution of such logic, which may include, for example, service authorization during session initiation and session modification, checking the service subscription of to allow or deny access to a service or media feature selections. The rules of such functions and their activation are subject to the operator's implementation. An HTTP/SIP adapter as an example of a control entity terminates the SIP signaling and communicates with an HTTP server which performs, as an example of a media server, media streaming from the media.
    [0076] In many embodiments of the described procedures the IM Subsystem CN and the SCF may be standard IMS components and are then only affected by implementing regulations and elements to control the transmission of media. More than a single HTTP server can be used for streaming media, eg. eg when MPD and different qualities of media are distributed via different servers. Also, a Content Delivery Network (CDN) can be used instead of HTTP servers. The HTTP/SIP adapter and HTTP server can be deployed as components on the same hardware or even within a single software. In this case, the interface between the two components may be different from the example shown in Fig. 8, ie not based on HTTP. The interface may instead p. eg be based on API (Application Programming Interface) calls.
    [0077] In the signal flow of Figure 8, the UE performs an HTTP 10a request to the MPD URL, that is, to the HTTP server that provides the MPD. The HTTP server responds with an MPD that contains representation descriptions for all quality levels or, as an embodiment, only for quality levels that are considered adequate for best-effort transmission on the network. The MPD returned in the HTTP 10b response is accompanied by a SIP URI that enables SIP capable endpoints to request a session setup for an AHS session. The SIP URI could be included, for example, as a new standardized MPD attribute, it could be wrapped within an existing MPD element, or it could be part of the 10b response to the HTTP request, eg. e.g., as part of a multipart response comprising a plurality of HTTP or other elements.
    [0078] For these steps there are several options: Request 1a can be replaced by an application layer port (Application Layer Gateway) (ALG) that can be located in the network, for example, in the subsystem IM CN. ALG is an example of a media proxy and can scan requests for MPD files, remove impersonations and add a SIP URI to request QoS for the session.
    [0079] Rather than including the SIP URI in the MPD, it can be included as a separate element and carried in a 10b multipart reply message.
    The response 10b, including the MPD, may also include additional information that the UE may use to generate an SDP file for subsequent SIP INVITE 1 message. This may, e.g. eg, be additional media information that can be used to build the SDP media part or an SDP template that the UE can use after finishing the variable parts of the template. In this way, the UE can use stored information and routines to build the SDP media part or receive the template for the request which comprises specific information elements, which are to be loaded on similar ports or media formats.
    [0081] • Instead of including a SIP URI in the MPD, another type of URI (eg an HTTP URL) can be included that can be resolved to a SIP URI, eg. eg, through redirection.
    [0082] In step 10c both IMS capable and non-IMS capable UEs initiate the AHS session. This allows for a fast flow start-up time and can be accomplished using a best effort connection, e.g. eg, on a standard bearer for the IM CN Subsystem. In this way, backward compatibility is also possible where an IMS not capable UE can ignore the SIP URI provided.
    [0083] Devices that are IMS capable in parallel with AHS session startup send a SIP INVITE 11 - 13 message to the SIP/HTTP adapter. INVITE is addressed to previously communicated SIP URI. The INVITE message does not include SDP, a client-generated SDP file of the completed SDP template that the client could have received with the MPD response in response 10b.
    [0084] If the SIP/HTTP adapter and the HTTP server are two separate entities, the SIP/HTTP adapter issues an HTTP 14 request, p. eg, a POST or GET request, to the HTTP server to obtain the URL to an original MPD and/or the original MPD itself that is returned in response 15. The term "original" indicates that this MPD may comprise a non- filtered from the media representation descriptions available on the server, while the MPD included in response 10b may have part of the representations removed. Due to the information of the original MPD, the SIP/HTTP adapter is able to issue a SIP 200 OK message 16 including an SDP which contains the information about the already in progress AHS session from step 10c. The SIP 200 OK message is forwarded to the UE in steps 17 and 18. For example, in case the UE, i.e. client, gets access to different grades of media, the SIP 200 OK message may contain an updated MPD URI, which may comprise one or more additional media representations compared to the MPD included in answer 10b. The updated MPD can be the original MPD or an edited version, eg. eg by the SIP/HTTP adapter or a proxy.
    [0085] During data transmission, IM CN starts enforcing the specified policy, eg. eg, a QoS, for the media session, optionally including a bearer update. QoS policy and reservation enforcement may utilize 3GPP mechanisms defined in 3GPP TS 23.203 entitled Load Control Policy and Architecture. For example, using the MPD information and the client IP address, ports etc., corresponding to the corresponding Policy and Load Control (PCC) regulations can be created. PCC regulations allow policy enforcement points, such as gateways, to identify and prioritize packets belonging to the HTTP media stream session. Packets exceeding bandwidth agreements may be flagged to indicate congestion or may be dropped. PCC regulations, which consider elements other than IP addresses or ports, e.g. eg, by reference to a service that can be identified by deep packet inspection at policy enforcement points, they also allow the use of the described mechanism in case the HTTP server is replaced by a cache or a CDN, where the content can be streamed from multiple locations.
    [0086] As a result of policy enforcement and QoS provision for the streaming media session, the streaming media client observes the operational conditions of the network, eg. eg observed download speed, which is session specific. In this way, the customer can adapt to the transmission conditions provided by the network using the existing AHS transmission monitoring mechanisms without the need for corresponding signaling.
    [0087] After the UE has received the 200 OK message 18 and is aware of the stabilized QoS, it can optionally check the HTTP server for an update of the MPD with HTTP request 19a and response 19b. The HTTP server may provide the update based on information received in message 14 or other confirmation of association of the media stream with the session. In case the 10b response did not include high quality media representations, the UE now receives an updated MPD with all representations according to the available QoS.
    [0088] In step 20 the EU can adapt the requested media quality according to any newly available representations, e.g. eg, highest quality levels based on AHS adaptation algorithms. In this way, the network operator can provide both service differentiation for different users and the QoS required for a specific media quality.
    [0089] For IMS not capable devices, step 20 is performed immediately after step 10c, without media quality update.
    [0090] Other functionality and optional embodiments of the procedures are possible: In answer 10b, an indication of more available quality levels can be given, e.g. eg through a specific tag or through the presence of more representations, including the bandwidth attribute but not including <InitialisationSegmentURL> elements, ie media sources such as links to media.
    [0091] An SDP offer for the session can be generated by the UE or the SIP/HTTP adapter. The required information is provided via the communication path and the MPD, e.g. eg, sender and receiver IP address, media transport format and ports, and required bandwidth.
    [0092] Removal of better quality MPD representations, p. eg, by a server or proxy, in message 10b is optional. If no representation is removed, the proposed procedure allows quality of service reservation. In the other case it allows service differentiation, e.g. eg for a customer with an ID of a user who has booked a certain package or who can get it via IMS provided invoicing.
    [0093] The URIs that are provided in the MPD can be generated in a specific way, eg. eg, user-customized, which makes it difficult to imagine URIs for higher quality layers, so they cannot be easily accessed without the MPD information.
    [0094] In some cases, a simple filter at the policy enforcement point based on IP-5-tuples, that is, a filter allowing or restricting packets based on at least one element of a group, comprising source address, source port , destination address, destination port and protocol identification, not suitable for QoS application, eg. eg for streaming media content from a CDN. In such cases, CCP regulations may contain other information. For example, HTTP-specific information such as headers can be included, which can be used during depth inspection on QoS application points to identify packets from the HTTP media stream session.
    [0095] The HTTP server can only grant access to a certain quality of media, that is, stream segments of a particular representation, after receiving an indication of the successful SIP INVITE procedure. There may be additional communication between the HTTP server, SIP/HTTP adapter and/or IM CN to verify this. For example, the SIP/HTTP adapter or HTTP server could register the UE IP address during SIP INVITE and check in an HTTP GET request as in step 10-19a whether the IP source of the GET request belongs to a registered UE.
    [0096] Advantages depending on particular embodiments may include the ability to benefit from the availability of resource reservation mechanisms and connection QoS reservation and control and AHS. Converged solutions can support both IMS and non-IMS clients. Advantages of the embodiments can also include: Fast start of media stream, even in case of delays to establish IMS QOs Reverse compatibility of existing and standardized AHS mechanisms Allowing service differentiation making better quality available when QoS via IMS is used.
    [0097] Put operator in control to decide what levels of quality should be available for best use of effort. This allows dynamic control of network usage due to present conditions.
    [0098] The above embodiments admirably achieve the objectives of the invention. However, we note that deviations can be made by those skilled in the art, without deviation from the scope of the invention, which is limited only by the claims.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [0001]
    1. Method in a media client for controlling a transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive HTTP stream elements (84), the method comprising the steps of: obtaining (32) a media description (100) of the stream media, the media description (100) indicating an initial element (92) of the HTTP stream elements (84); sending (34) a request to the initial stream element (92); session or a modification of a session, wherein the media stream is associated with the session to control (40) the transmission of the media stream, the method being characterized in that the step (34) of sending the request to the element The initial flow process (92) is performed without waiting for a completion of section establishment or session modification.
    [0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that establishing a session or modifying a session comprises the steps of: obtaining a resource locator indicating a source for session control associated with the media stream; and send a request to initiate session establishment or session modification with the source for session control.
    [0003]
    3. Method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the media description (100) comprises or is associated with at least one element of information to specify a parameter of the session being established or modified.
    [0004]
    4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the establishment of a session or the modification of a session comprises the steps of: receiving a conclusion of the establishment of a session or the modification of a session; and send on receipt of completion of session establishment or session modification, a request for a subsequent element (94) of the HTTP flow elements.
    [0005]
    5. Method according to claim 4, characterized in that the session control response indicates at least one of a parameter specifying the session, an indication of a media source and a media description.
    [0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the establishment of a session or the modification of a session comprises a resource reservation and the parameter specifying the session indicates a granted quality of service.
    [0007]
    7. Method according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that a media source for the subsequent element is selected from a plurality of media sources and each media source of the plurality is associated with a different parameter specifying the session.
    [0008]
    8. Method according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the parameter specifying the session is included in the request for the subsequent element (94).
    [0009]
    9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the media description comprises a plurality of representation descriptions, each representation description indicating a different representation of the media stream and an associated media source, and wherein at least one of the associated media sources is selected based on the media description and included in the request for the initial element (92) or the request for the subsequent element (94).
    [0010]
    10. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the fact that at least one of a media source and the source for session control is specific to the session.
    [0011]
    11. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the request for the initial element (92) is sent before or simultaneously with the beginning of the establishment of a session or the modification of a session.
    [0012]
    12. Method for controlling a transmission of a media stream characterized in that it comprises a plurality of consecutive HTTP stream elements (84) comprising: the method performed by a media client (48) as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11; associate (38), through the control entity (24), the media stream with the session being established or modified; and control (40) through a policy enforcement point the transmission of a subsequent element (94) of the HTTP flow elements in accordance with the session control rule.
    [0013]
    13. Media client (48) comprising: a controller (50), a sender (52) and a receiver (54), the controller (50) being coupled to the sender (52) and receiver (54), the controller (50) being adapted to control a transmission of a media stream to the receiver (54), the media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive HTTP stream elements (60); the controller (50) being further adapted to obtain a media description ( 62) of the media stream, the media description (62) indicating an initial element (64) of the HTTP stream elements (60); and the controller (50) being adapted to initiate a sending of a request (66) to the initial flow element (64) by the sender (52) and initiate a session establishment or a modification of a session, wherein the flow of media is associated with the session to control the transmission of the media stream, the media client characterized by the fact that: the sender (52) is adapted to send the request to the initial stream element (92) without waiting for the completion of the session establishment or session modification.
    [0014]
    14. Media client according to claim 13, characterized in that the media client is adapted to perform a method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11.
    [0015]
    15. Control entity (200) for establishing a session or modifying a session with a media client to control the transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive HTTP stream elements from a media server, the entity control (200) comprising: a receiver (202) for receiving a request to establish a session or a modification of a session to control the transmission of the media stream; a controller (206) for terminating the request, the controller ( 206) being coupled to the receiver (202), and being adapted to associate (38) the media stream with the session being established or modified; and a sender (218) being coupled to the controller (206) to send an instruction to a policy enforcement point, the control entity being characterized by the fact that: the instruction is an instruction to control the transmission of a subsequent element of the elements HTTP stream according to a session control regulation.
    [0016]
    16. Control entity according to claim 15, characterized in that the control entity is adapted to carry out a method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 11.
    [0017]
    17. Method in a control entity (200) for performing a session establishment or a session modification with a media client for a session to control a transmission of a media stream comprising a plurality of consecutive HTTP stream elements from a media server, the method comprising the steps of: receiving (240) a request to establish a session or a modification of a session to control transmission of the media stream; terminating (242) the request and associating the stream of media with the session being established or modified; and sending (244) an instruction to a policy enforcement point, the method being characterized in that the instruction is an instruction to control the transmission of a subsequent element of the HTTP flow elements in accordance with a session control regulation.
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    MX2013001513A|2013-02-27|
    CN108270799A|2018-07-10|
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    WO2012019621A1|2012-02-16|
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    US20210160297A1|2021-05-27|
    TW201212601A|2012-03-16|
    CA2807869A1|2012-02-16|
    BR112013001884A2|2016-05-24|
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    RU2552176C2|2015-06-10|
    ES2654333T3|2018-02-13|
    US10958699B2|2021-03-23|
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    CN103026680A|2013-04-03|
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    法律状态:
    2019-01-15| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2020-02-27| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-01| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2021-06-29| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 10/08/2010, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. PATENTE CONCEDIDA CONFORME ADI 5.529/DF, , QUE DETERMINA A ALTERACAO DO PRAZO DE CONCESSAO. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/EP2010/004879|WO2012019621A1|2010-08-10|2010-08-10|Session control for media stream transmission|
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